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Registros recuperados: 152
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Programme coordonné Ecotron sur le site d'Arcachon (Aquitaine, France) : contrôle de la production biologique marine dans un écosystème lagunaire aménagé (réservoirs à poissons) - Bilan, synthèse et perspectives ArchiMer
Lasserre, Pierre.
Coordinated ECOTRON Program on the Arcachon Basin (Aquitaine, France) : Control of marine biological production in a man-modified lagoon ecosystem (fish ponds). Results, synthesis and prospects. The "fish reservoirs" of the Arcachon Basin consist of eutrophic lagoon ecosys­tems, empirically exploited for extensive amphihaline fish culture (grey mullets, sea bass, eels, sea breams). The 1000 hectares of exploited farms, well integrated in a traditional socio-economic context, are presently not adapted for various reasons.The coordinate researches, which have been developed at Arcachon since 1974, within the ECOTRON (CNEXO) Program, show that these highly productive man modified ecosystems are well adapted for the development of semi-intensive aqua­culture....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Lagunes côtières exploitées; Réservoirs à poissons; Bassin d'Arcachon; Fonctionnement écosystème; Contrôle productivité; Modélisation; Développement potentiel; Exploited coastal lagoons; Fish ponds; Arcachon Bay; Ecosystem functioning; Productivity control; Modelling; Potential development.
Ano: 1979 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00306/41676/40885.pdf
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Sur l'hydrodynamique de la Baie de Seine. Resultats d''observations et de modelisations ArchiMer
Leprovost, C; Fornerino, M; Villaret, C.
Study of Seine bay hydrodynamics can't be separated from the Channel and continental shelf. The authors' modellings are aimed at the study of this global ladder and the insertion of coastal areas such as the Seine Bay in this context. Two 2-D models are used. One covers only the Channel, and the other from Pas-de-Calais to continental shelf limits including Celtic sea, Channel and southern North Sea. The results are comparated with long time current observations.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Current data; Mathematical models; Modelling; Tidal currents; Current prediction; Water circulation; Hydrodynamics.
Ano: 1985 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1985/acte-1259.pdf
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Approche de la circulation residuelle en Baie de Seine ArchiMer
Lehir, P; Salomon, J; Leprovost, C; Chabertd'Hieres, G; Mauvais, J.
By taking into account salinity measurements and consequently mean residence time, current measurements, tidal computation with a 2-D model and wind induced currents provided by a 3-D model, a global diagram of residual flow in Seine Bay is given. Main patterns are exhibited: density currents in the eastern part of the bay, off the Seine Estuary, wind induced circulation, especially along the coast and over the Channels, and tidal residual patterns induced by topography.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Simulation; Modelling; Wind driven circulation; Bottom topography; Density gradients; Water masses; River discharge; Haline circulation; Salinity gradients; Tidal currents; Residual flow.
Ano: 1985 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1985/acte-1263.pdf
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Biological and economic factors in the selection of cultured fish species and the development of a bio-economic model ArchiMer
Wu, R.
The selection of candidate species for mariculture is determined by a number of biological factors, e.g. foraging efficiency, growth efficiency, mortality, grow-out period and susceptibility to environmental fluctuations, disease and crowding, as well as economic factors e.g. the supply and price of fry, grow-out cost and price of adult. A computer model incorporating these major factors is being developed, to determine and compare the potential of different culture species.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Lates calcarifer; Epinephelus tauvina; Mylio macrocephalus; Pisces; Marine fish; Tolerance; Biology; Modelling; Economic models; Diseases; Mortality; Growth; Cultured organisms.
Ano: 1989 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/acte-1488.pdf
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Ecologie bacterienne dans les bacs d'elevage larvaire de coquilles Saint-Jacques (Pecten maximus ) ArchiMer
Jacq, E; Moal, Jeanne; Samain, Jean-francois; Corre, S; Daniel, J; Nicolas, Jean-louis; Cochard, Jean-claude; Fera, P.
Larval rearings were performed with seawater either freshly pumped or after storage in a pond. Concerning bacterial populations these waters were characterized by a high diversity, little sized bacteria whose few of them (1%) were cultivable on Zobell medium. In the tanks, the bacterial ecosystem was modified by the presence of antibiotics, larvae and algae: the diversity was lowered, the cellular volume was increased by a factor 2 to 5, 100% bacteria were cultivable and chloramphenicol resistant, and their metabolism changed. Taxonomic screening showed no differences among the two waters neither at the beginning nor at the end of the rearings. However, depending on the water (stored or not) differences were identified for bacterial physiology and...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Marine aquaculture; Pond culture; Scallop culture; Ecology; Antibiotics; Organic matter; Grazing; Carbohydrates; Mathematical models; Modelling; Growth; Bacterial diseases; Biological production; Culture tanks; Larvae; Rearing.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1992/acte-914.pdf
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Modelisation numerique du flambage de panneaux sandwich raidis ArchiMer
Batoz, J; Quesnel, T.
This paper presents a numerical method for the buckling analysis of stiffened sandwich panels for ship building with composite materials. The formulation of a multi-layered quadrilateral finite element of a plane shell including transverse shear effects is presented. Some classical tests allow the performance of this element to be evaluated for composite plates. Then an explanation is given for a method used for analyzing the buckling of panels.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ship technology; Composite materials; Modelling; Mathematical models; Numerical analysis; Eléments finis; Plaque coque; Flambage; Structure sandwich; Matériau composite.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1992/acte-1074.pdf
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Endommagement mecanique de materiaux composites. Role sur les proprietes hygrothermiques ArchiMer
Perreux, D; Suri, C; Varchon, D; Oytana, C.
The mechanical behaviour of polymer based glass fibre composites depends on the damage level and the amount of moisture present. Two anelastic damage models, both adapted to the mechanical properties of epoxy and polyester matrix polymers, are proposed. A coupling effect between the kinetics of damage and moisture level is shown.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Moisture; Damage; Modelling; Ship technology; Mechanical properties; Composite materials; Humidité; Endommagement; Modélisation; Comportement; Matériau composite.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1992/acte-1062.pdf
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Comportement du cadmium et du mercure lors de la diagenèse précoce et flux à l'interface eau-sédiments en zone littorale ArchiMer
Gonzalez, Jean-louis.
The early diagenesis of Cd and Hg has been studied in different coastal areas (vasière Ouest-Gironde, Pertuis d'Antioche, baie de Marennes-Oléron). For these two metals, the fluxes at the sediment-water interface have been calculated. Considering only molecular diffusion, the diffusionnal fluxes of Cd and Hg to the colurnn water are negligible with regard to both the particular fluxes to the sediments and the inputs of the "Gironde" and "Charente" ·,estuaries. The take into account of the different processes which affect the ex changes at the interface (erosion, bioturbation) permits more realistic an estimation of the role of sediments in the geochemical cycle of Cd and Hg. The results show that up to 50% of particular Cd and Hg which are integrated into...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Cadmium; Mercure; Eaux intrstitielles; Diagenèse précoce; Flux; Interface eaux-sédiments; Bioturbation; Modélisation; Cadmium; Mercury; Pore waters; Early diagenesis; Fluxes; Sediment-water interface; Bioturbation; Modelling.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00442/55402/56920.pdf
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Un modèle asymptotique de la plaque stratifiée ArchiMer
Kail, R; Lene, F; De Roeck, Y.
In order to calculate the behaviour of thin structures of laminated composite materials, a bidimensional plate model is generated by an asymptotic development technique. From a structural analysis by plane finite elements at the middle surface, this model yields the equations leading to the computation, at each point of the laminated material, of the displacement and the stress tensor. After describing the theoretical model, numerical results are compared with the analytical solution of a test problem.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ship technology; Modelling; Mathematical models; Composite materials; Eléments finis; Développement asymptotique; Composites; Plaque.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1992/acte-1081.pdf
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Modélisation des cycles de l'azote et du phosphore dans les sédiments d'une lagune soumise à une exploitation conchylicole ArchiMer
Chapelle, Annie; Mesnage, Valérie; Mazouni, Nabila; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc; Picot, Bernadette.
A simulation of nitrogen and phosphorus exchanges for the sediment-water interface is presented, The aim of the sttudy is to understand the dynamic behaviour of an eutrophie coastal lagoon (Thau, France), ln situ experiments were performed to estimate the different pools of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water column and in the sediment. The diffusive fluxes between them were also estimated. A numerical mode1, simulating nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, was developed and calibrated with data recorded .at two seasons (winter and summer). This study leads to the conclusion that is necessary to know the different pools of nitrogen and phosphorus in order to estimate which fraction is bioavailable and the rate of nutrient exchange between sediment and water. It...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Modèle; Phosphore; Azote; Sédiment; Ecosystème conchylicole; Modelling; Phosphorus; Nitrogen; Sediment; Shellfish ecosystem.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00039/15026/12360.pdf
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A modelling study of the thermohaline circulation of the Mediterranean Sea: Water formation and dispersal ArchiMer
Haines, K; Wu, Pl.
A model of the whole Mediterranean sea at 0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees resolution has been run for ten years with a mean seasonal cycle of forcing using NMC winds and a relaxation to NODC surface temperature and salinity. The winter season water formation and dispersal in the model thermocline has been studied using isopycnal diagnostics and potential vorticity as a water mass tracer. In the eastern basin Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) is formed in the cyclonic Rhodes gyre and moves west in a continuous mass, accumulating and mixing in the centre of the Northern Ionian. The LIW spreading path is identified both from the high salinity and low potential vorticity values on the 28.8 isopycnal surface. Some LIW then spreads west and south towards Sicily,...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: PRIMO-O; Circulation thermohaline; Eau levantine intermédiaire; Formation; Modélisation; PRIMO-O; Thermohaline circulation; Levantine Intermediate Water; Water formation; Modelling.
Ano: 1995 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00323/43387/43113.pdf
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Modélisation morphodynamique d'une embouchure tidale : Application aux Passes d'entrée du Bassin d'Arcachon ArchiMer
Cayocca, Florence.
The Arcachon tidal inlet exhibits a particularly active morphology due to strong tidal currents and rough wave conditions. During the past 300 years, maximum and minimum extents of the Cap Ferret sand spit have resulted in a difference of 8 km while two channels have alternatively allowed circulation between the lagoon and the ocean. A bidimensional horizontal morphodynarnic model was developed in order to simulate the system evolution under tidal forcing alone or under combined tide and wave action. Modelling at a scale of decades requires the definition of mean annual wave and tide conditions which are representative with respect to sediment transport. Medium term results thus give general trends of evolution. Driven by these average conditions and...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Littoral drift; Sediment transport; Tide; Waves; Arcachon lagoon; Tidal inlet; Modelling; Morphodynamic; Dérive littorale; Transport sédimentaire; Marée; Houle; Bassin d'Arcachon; Modèle; Morphodynamique.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1996/these-4520.pdf
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Physiologie de la maturation et de la ponte chez l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas ArchiMer
Soletchnik, Patrick; Geairon, Philippe; Razet, Daniel; Goulletquer, Philippe.
The physiological ecology of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas was studied using a conditioning delayed by temperature. Experiments were carried out on five batches and 2 year-classes classified into 6 maturation stages. The scope for growth concerning the stages N*5 and 6 was nearly zero while positive for early stages as well as for the post-spawning stage. Moreover, the 1 year-old oysters showed a significant lowered scope for growth (-110 J/h) compared to adult oysters (-14 J/h), therefore demonstrating the increased sensitivity of young oysters to stressful environmental conditions. By comparing the experimental results with the current models, developed on immature oysters, facilitates the model parameters spécifications during gametogenesis. For...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Modelling; Ecophysiology; Mortality; Crassostrea gigas; Modèle; Ecophysiologie; Mortalité; Crassostrea gigas.
Ano: 1996 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1996/rapport-1643.pdf
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Ecophysiological deterministic model for Crassostrea gigas in an estuarine environment ArchiMer
Barille, Laurent; Heral, Maurice; Barilleboyer, Al.
An ecophysiological deterministic model of growth, reproduction and interactions between the bivalve and its estuarine environ ment was established for the Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas. The environmental variables used in the model are: total particulate matter, particulate organic matter, particulate inorganic matter, chlorophyll, phaeopigments, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. Rates of clearance, filtration, ingestion, absorption and respiration along with efficiencies of retention, selection and absorption are modelled with endogenous (dry weight of the animal, energy allocation between growth and reproduction) and exogenous variables (temperature, food quality and quantity). The model simulate the temporal evolution of two compartments: somatic...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Crassoslrea gigas; Croissance; Écophysiologie; Modélisation; Turbidité; Crassostrea gigas; Ecophysiology; Growth; Modelling; Turbidity.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00038/14892/12219.pdf
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Extraction of soil water by plants: development and validation of a model Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo
de Jong van Lier,Q.; Libardi,P. L..
A quantitative model of water movement within the immediate vicinity of an individual root is developed and results of an experiment to validate the model are presented. The model is based on the assumption that the amount of water transpired by a plant in a certain period is replaced by an equal volume entering its root system during the same time. The model is based on the Darcy-Buckingham equation to calculate the soil water matric potential at any distance from a plant root as a function of parameters related to crop, soil and atmospheric conditions. The model output is compared against measurements of soil water depletion by rice roots monitored using γ-beam attenuation in a greenhouse of the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Modelling; Soil water depletion; Soil water extraction.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06831997000400002
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3D modelling of seasonal evolution of Loire and Gironde plumes on Biscay Bay continental shelf ArchiMer
Lazure, Pascal; Jegou, Anne-marie.
A 3D model of the Atlantic shelf has been developed and applied to study shelf dynamics and evolution of hydrology. The model takes the combined effects of tide, wind, river discharges and surface heat flux into account. Time scales vary from 1 day to several years. Following a brief description of the model and forcing variables, the behaviour of the Loire and Gironde plumes is described, first for winter and spring, then over a period of several years, under realistic forcing. The results show that plume evolution depends on the high Variability of river runoff and winds. Model simulations performed over 7 years (1990 to 1996) have highlighted several features of these plumes: 1) In early winter and periods of high river runoff, plumes usually spread...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Panache; Modélisation; Dynamique du plateau continental; Golfe de Gascogne; River plume; Modelling; Shelf dynamics; Bay of Biscay.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/publication-847.pdf
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Adaptative responses of E-coli to marine environmental stresses. a modelling approach based on viability and dormancy concepts ArchiMer
Martin, Y; Troussellier, Marc; Bonnefont, Jl.
In an attempt to synthesize conceptual and experimental information on the behaviour of enteric bacteria in seawater, a mathematical model has been developed. This model is based on changes in intracellular metabolisable components depending an physiological responses of the cell when subjected to nutrient starvation, salinity stress and solar radiation. Following a strategy which takes into account short- and mid-term physiological adaptation and reversal processes, the cells can develop in different states: culturable (B-1), viable and definitively nonculturable (B-2), and reversibly dormant (B-3) cells. Model parameters were deduced either from original microcosm experiments, from literature data or calibration procedures. Validation of the model was...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Escherichia coli; Eau de mer; Stress; États cellulaires; Modélisation; Escherichia coli; Seawater; Stress; Cellular states; Modelling.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00325/43646/43224.pdf
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Modélisation de la dynamique du microphytobenthos des vasières intertidales du bassin de Marennes-Oléron. Effets des synchroniseurs physiques sur la régulation de la production ArchiMer
Guarini, Jean-marc.
The study aimed at quantifying the spatio-temporal evolution of microphytobenthic biomass in intertidal mudflats of Marennes-Oléron Bay. To reach this goal, a dynamic model has been proposed, including processes of primary production, active migration of epipelic diatoms and biomass lasses due to mortalities on one hand and resuspension in the water column during submersion on the other hand. The spatialisation is given by a hydrodynamic madel which calculates the water height everywhere. The photic environment of microphytobenthos is described in a discrete way, by means of two layers: the biofilm of epipelic algae « S »on the top of the sediment and the fust centimeter of the mud « F ». The endogenous vertical migration rhythm of epipelic algae controls...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Microphytobenthos; Vasière intetidale; Modélisation; Dynamique de la biomasse; Expérimentation; Ecophysiologie; Couplage physique/biologie; Microphytobenthos; Intertidal mudflat; Modelling; Dynamics of the biomass; Experimentation; Ecophysiology; Physics/biology coupling.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00439/55029/56462.pdf
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Etude et modélisation des mécanismes impliqués dans la croissance de l'huître perlière, Pinctada margaritifera, au sein de l'écosystème conchylicole du lagon de l'atoll de Takapoto (Polynésie Française) ArchiMer
Pouvreau, Stephane.
L'huître perlière, Pinctada margaritifera (Linné, 1758) var. cumingi (Reeve), productrice de perles noires, fait l' objet d'une aquaculture florissante en Polynésie Française. Afin de pérenniser cette activité, un programme de recherche (le PGRN) a été lancé, en 1990, sur l' atoll de Takapoto. L' un des thèmes de ce programme réside dans l'étude de la capacité trophique d'un lagon soumis à une activité de perliculture. A cet égard, un modèle déterministe expliquant la croissance et la reproduction de P. margaritifera à partir des paramètres du milieu (notamment la nourriture disponible) a été mis au point. La construction de ce modèle a impliqué : ( 1) l'analyse de l'hydrobiologie du lagon; (2) l'étude de la physiologie de P. margaritifera; (3) le sui vi...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Bivalves; Huîtres perlières; Pinctada margaritifera; Physiologie; Croissance; Reproduction; Hydrobiologie; Atoll; Lagon; Écosystème; Réseau trophique; Modélisation; Capacité trophique; Polynésie française; Bivalves; Pearl oyster; Pinctada ma rgaritifera; Physiology; Growth; Reproduction; Hydrobiology; Atoll; Lagoon; Ecosystem; Trophic web; Modelling; Carrying capacity; French Polynesia.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00034/14558/11856.pdf
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Méthodologie pour une simulation des transformations granulométriques de sables de la zone d'avant-côte ArchiMer
Barusseau, Jp; Diouf, Mb; De La Bardonnie, M; El Ghandour, N.
The grain-size of mature coastal sands changes rapidly in response to the variation of the energy regime which provokes either erosion or deposition of fractions of the textural assemblage. Whatever the dynamic conditions, questions of paramount importance such as the size of grain populations transported simultaneously, the most common size of the grains in movement and the grain-size range of the sediment fraction involved ape still poorly understood. The present paper deals with an attempt to describe this fraction without any consideration of the processes responsible for the observed changes. A major problem results from the fact that the distribution of the mobilized fraction cannot be known and described by direct comparison between the initial and...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Granulométrie; Fraction mobile; Modélisation; Simulation; Grain-size; Mobile fraction; Modelling; Simulation.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00325/43619/43919.pdf
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